Fusion of 2-D SIMS Images Using the Wavelet Transform

 Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is a powerful method for element distribution examination of conducting and semi-conducting surfaces at high spatial resolution and with a high sensitivity. Routine surface analysis produces about 8 to 15 images in a short time, each of which displays the intensity distribution of one mass, thus generating a multispectral SIMS image. Formation of occlusions, segregations, and the overall location of the elements relative to each other, are difficult to recognise when looking at n separate 2-D images. Image fusion is a process whereby images obtained from various sensors, or at different moments of time, or under different conditions, are combined together to provide a more complete picture of the object under investigation. The process of combining SIMS images may be viewed as an attempt to compensate for the inherent effect of SIMS to channel the information obtained from the sample into different images, corresponding to different element phases. The wavelet transform is a powerful method for fusion of images. This work covers the use of wavelet based fusion algorithms on multispectral SIMS images, evaluating the performance of different wavelet based fusion rules on different type of image systems and comparing the results to conventional fusion techniques. An aim of this study is to increase the information, i.e. the number of masses, which can be merged into one image in order to enhance the perception and interpretation of the SIMS surface images.     

Speckle intensity images of target based on Monte Carlo method

Speckle intensity in the detector plane is deduced in the free-space optical system and imaging system based on Van Cittert-Zemike theorem. The speckle intensity images of plane target and conical target are obtained by using the Monte Carlo method and measured experimentally. The results show that when the range extent of target is smaller, the speckle size along the same direction become longer, and the speckle size increase with increasing incident light wavelengths. The speckle size increases and the speckle intensity images of target is closer to the actual object when the aperture scale augments. These findings are useful to access the target information by speckle in laser radar systems.     

Experiments and analysis of thin tungsten slice and W/Cu brazing for primary collimator scraper in CSNS/RCS

According to the requirements for the beam collimation system of the rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS),the main structure of a scraper of primary collimator is made by W/Cu brazing,in which the thickness of tungsten slice is 0.17 mm.In order to get the best mechanical properties,the brazing temperature is suggested to be controlled under the recrystallization temperature of tungsten,while the recrystallization temperature is affected directly by the thickness of tungsten.Because of little research and application on the brazing of thin tungsten slice of 0.17 mm and copper,tensile tests are done to get the mechanical properties of tungsten slices which experience different brazing temperatures.In keeping the inner relationships between the mechanical properties and temperature,another experiment is done by using SEM to scan the microstructures including the size and distribution of crystals.Finally we determine the recrystallization temperature of tungsten slice of 0.17 mm,and get the best parameters of W/Cu brazing for scrapers of primary collimator in CSNS/RCS.     

Effect of pressure on the performance of plasma synthetic jet actuator

The effects of the ambient air pressure level on the performance of plasma synthetic jet actuator have been investigated through electrical and optical diagnostics.Pressures from 1 atm down to 0.1 atm were tested with a 10 Hz excitation.The discharge measurement demonstrates that there is a voltage range to make the actuator work reliably.Higher pressure level needs a higher breakdown voltage,and a higher discharge current and energy deposition are produced.But when the actuator works with the maximum breakdown voltage,the fraction of the initial capacitor energy delivered to the arc is almost invariable.This preliminary study also confirms the effectiveness of the plasma synthetic jet at low pressure.Indeed,the maximum velocities of the precursor shock and the plasma jet induced by the actuator with maximum breakdown voltage are independent of the ambient pressure level;reach about 530 and 460 m/s respectively.The mass flux of the plasma jet increases with ambient pressure increasing,but the strength of the precursor shock presents a local maximum at 0.6 atm.     

玉米作物多光谱图像精准分割与叶绿素诊断方法研究

为了快速获取大田玉米作物长势信息, 基于多光谱图像开展了大田玉米叶绿素指标的非破坏性诊断研究。应用自主开发的2-CCD多光谱图像感知系统, 在田间采集玉米冠层可见光［Blue(B), Green(G), Red(R);400～700 nm］和近红外(Near-infrared: NIR, 760～1 000 nm)图像, 并使用SPAD同步测量样本叶绿素指标。采集后图像经自适应平滑滤波处理后, 进行图像玉米植株提取。为了选择最优算法实现玉米植株与杂草、土壤背景的分割, 首先比较了最大类间方差(OTSU)分割算法和局部阈值处理分割算法, 选取了基于局部统计的可变阈值处理方法对玉米NIR图像进行初步分割, 进而采用区域标记算法进行精细分割, 分割准确率达95.59%。将分割结果应用于玉米植株可见光图像R, G, B各通道, 从而实现了玉米植株多光谱图像中可见光图像的整体分割。基于分割后R, G, B和NIR四个通道的玉米冠层图像, 提取了各通道图像灰度均值(ANIR, ARed, AGreen和ABlue)并计算了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)和绿色归一化植被指数(NDGI)作为光谱特征参数, 建立了玉米冠层叶绿素指标诊断的偏最小二乘法回归模型。结果表明, 建模R2达0.596 0, 预测R2达0.568 5, 该方法通过玉米多光谱图像特征参数评估叶片叶绿素含量, 可为大田玉米长势监测提供支持。     

基于BP神经网络的复杂彩色图像文本定位*

针对复杂彩色图像中文本的特征,提出了基于小波变换和BP神经网络甄别文本区域的算法.该算法首先利用文本块的边缘特征遴选出备选图像块,而后采用小波变换提取备选图像块的纹理特征,把这些纹理特征参量连同图像块的颜色特征和笔画特征参量输入训练好的BP神经网络,判断备选图像块是否包含文本.该方法运算简单,定位时间短.采用专用的文本定位比赛用图进行实验的结果表明,定位准确率可达到92％,召回率为87.4%.     

基于高光谱散射图像技术的UVE-LLE苹果粉质化分类

利用高光谱散射图像技术研究了苹果的粉质化无损检测.提出了一种无信息变量消除法和局部线性嵌入相结合的苹果粉质化分类的新方法.经无信息变量消除法筛选后的波段降为全谱的23.5%.将波段选择后的原始图像数据用局部线性嵌入降维作为偏最小二乘判别分析的输入变量并建模.无信息变量消除法与局部线性嵌入相结合算法和局部线性嵌入降维方法得到的粉质化分类测试准确度分别是79.0%和79.0%|无信息变量消除法与平均反射法相结合和平均反射法特征提取得到的是77.4%和75.8%.结果表明,无信息变量消除法与局部线性嵌入想结合的方法可以大大地降低高光谱散射图像的数据量,同时保证了分类准确度,为在线检测、分类和高光谱数据的存储提供了一种实时、有效的方法.     

基于局部相关性的遥感图像全色锐化算法

为了增强多光谱图像的空间分辨率同时避免出现严重的光谱扭曲,对插值放大后的多光谱图像和原始全色图像分别作相同层数的非下采样轮廓波变换分解.在相应低频子带中,分别选取以待融合像素点为中心,大小为5×5的滑动窗口,计算待融合像素点的局部相关系数与四阶相关系数.如果局部相关系数大于四阶相关系数,说明该位置上的地物存在相似的光谱特征,因此用全色图像的高频系数替代多光谱图像的高频系数;反之,保持多光谱图像的高频系数不变.最后将多光谱图像的低频系数和替换后的高频系数进行非下采样轮廓波逆变换得到融合图像.采用Landsat 7遥感图像,对比给出了本文与现有同类最新文献融合结果及其主客观评价指标.实验结果表明,本文算法在提高空间分辨率与保持光谱信息两个方面都具有较好的效果.     

Cryptanalysis and improvement of a binary watermark-based copyright protection scheme for remote sensing images

The copyright protection of the remote sensing images is becoming a hot research topic in recent years. By considering the characteristics of the binary image, Zhu et al. proposed a new digital watermarking algorithm to protect the copyright of remote sensing images effectively. However, Zhu et al.’s scheme is not secure under the novel attack method proposed in this paper. While keeping the visual quality of the protected original image unchanged, the embedded watermark can be replaced with another watermark if the attacker has the host image carrying the other watermark. Thus the copyright of the original image changes and the copyright protection fail. To overcome the insecurity, a chaos-based improvement measure is proposed, in which the performance is the same as before. Analysis, proof, and experiment show that our methods are feasible and effective.     

Context dependent graph-based method for laser cladding image thresholding

For segmentation method to be useful it must be fast, easy to use, and produce high quality segmentations, but few algorithms can offer this in various conditions and applications. In this paper, we propose a context dependent graph-based method for transition region extraction and thresholding. The graph-based approach is introduced into image thresholding, and context dependent graph is constructed from a given image, which can adaptively extract the pixel context and shape information because of the scalable neighborhood. Then an edge weight function is defined as the measure of possible transition pixels, and a robust fully automatic scheme for the optimal threshold is also presented. The proposed approach is validated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with the traditional state-of-art algorithms on synthetic and real images, as well as laser cladding images, the experimental results suggest that the new proposal is efficient and effective.